Mind maps

Mind maps help you remember because they are very visual.

• You can use mind maps for groups of words that are connected.
• Write the main word in a circle, e.g. fruit.
• Draw lines out of the circle and write words at the end of the lines, e.g. apple, banana, strawberry, cherry, pear, pineapple, etc

My Funny Valentine

It's panic time! If you have as bad a memory as I do they you will be shocked to learn that this Saturday is Valentine's Day.

Valentine's Day is the day dedicated to the person that we love. We buy them presents and a card to tell them that we love them. It is when we go for walks along the beach, eat a romantic dinner at a restaurant and a lot of people propose (a bit cheesy!). Valentine´s Day is also where we are brave and tell that person that we fancy the truth. If we have a crush on someone then Valentine´s Day is the perfect chance to tell that person how we feel and whether they feel the same. We have nothing to lose.

Of course, for people like me who are a bit forgetful the 13th February is a day of stress. We try to find any possible romantic card from a shop that might relate to our significant other or try to find a restaurant that isn't fully booked.

Adjectives ending in -ed and -ing

-ed and –ing adjectives

Adjectives that end ‘-ed’ (e.g. ‘bored’, ‘interested’) and adjectives that end ‘-ing’ (e.g. ‘boring’, ‘interesting’) are often confused.

-ed adjectives

Adjectives that end ‘-ed’ describe emotions – they tell us how people feel about something.

• I was very bored in the maths lesson. I almost fell asleep.
• He was surprised to see Helen. She’d told him she was going to Australia.
• Feeling tired and depressed, he went to bed.

-ing adjectives

Adjectives that end ‘-ing’ describe the thing that causes the emotion – a boring lesson makes you feel bored.

• Have you seen that film? It’s absolutely terrifying.
• I could listen to him for hours. He’s one of the most interesting people I’ve ever met.
• I can’t eat this! It’s disgusting! What is it?

Remember that people can be boring but only if they make other people feel bored.

• He talks about the weather for hours. He’s so boring.
• NOT I was very boring at the party so I went home.

Here are some more adjectives that can have both an ‘-ed’ and an ‘-ing’ form

• amused
• amusing
• annoyed
• annoying
• confused
• confusing
• disappointed
• disappointing
• excited
• exciting
• exhausted
• exhausting
• frightened
• frightening
• satisfied
• satisfying
• shocked
• shocking

Adjectives: -ed and -ing

A lot of adjectives are made from verbs by adding -ing or -ed:

-ing adjectives:

The commonest -ing adjectives are:

amusing	shocking	surprising	frightening
interesting	disappointing	exciting	tiring
worrying	boring	terrifying	annoying

If you call something interesting you mean it interests you.

If you call something frightening you mean it frightens you.

• I read a very interesting article in the newspaper today.
• That Dracula film was absolutely terrifying.

-ed adjectives:

The commonest –ed adjectives are:

annoyed	bored	frightened	worried
tired	closed	excited	delighted
disappointed

If something annoys you, you can say you feel annoyed. If something interests you, you can say you are interested.

• The children had nothing to do. They were bored.

Solarbox

Do people use public phones in your country or do most people have their own mobile phone? In London there are lots of phone boxes that aren't used very often and in this video you'll see an interesting new use for them.

Preparation

British and American terms

British and American English often spell the same word differently, for example: labour/labor, enthrall/enthral, or centre/center. You can find out more about these differences here.

There are also many cases in which the two varieties of English use different terms to describe the same thing. Here’s a list of various British words and expressions together with their American equivalents.

British English and American English

British people and American people can always understand each other – but there are a few notable differences between British English and American English 

Grammar

Americans use the present perfect tense less than speakers of British English and a British teacher might mark wrong some things that an American teacher would say are correct.

• US Did you do your homework yet?
• Brit. Have you done your homework yet?

• US I already ate.
• Brit. I’ve already eaten.

In British English, ‘have got’ is often used for the possessive sense of ‘have’ and ‘have got to’ is informally used for ‘have to’. This is much less common in American English.

• Brit. I’ve got two sisters.
• US I have two sisters.

• Brit. I’ve got to go now.
• US I have to go now.

There are a number of other minor grammatical differences.