Grammar Unit Present Perfect

• We often use the present perfect to talk about things from the beginning of our life until now.

         John has travelled to lots of different countries.

         I haven´t met your brother.

• When we use the present perfect with this meaning, we often use ever (= at any time in someone´s life) in questions, and never (= not ever) in sentences.

         Have you ever eaten seafood?

         She´s never tried to cook.

         Has Steve ever won a prize in a competition?.

• The present perfect is formed with the present tense of have + past participle of the main verb.

         For regular verbs, the past participle has the same ed ending as the past simple.

         We´ve stayed in Athens three times.

         Julia hasn´t used a computer.

         Have they ever climbed a mountain?

         

         Irregular verbs have different past participles.

         We´ve been there three times.

         She hasn´t written any emails.

         Have they ever flown in a plane?

• Present perfect questions are formed with have/has + subject + past participle.

         Have you ever seen a snake? Yes, I have / No, I haven´t.

         Has he ever had a job? Yes, he has / No, he hasn´t.